Apple Inc. produces the iPhone range of handsets, which run on iOS, Apple’s proprietary mobile operating system. Steve Jobs, who was the CEO of Apple at the time, unveiled the original iPhone on January 9, 2007. Since then, Apple has provided yearly updates to iOS and new iPhone models. More than 2.2 billion iPhones has been sold as of November 1st, 2018. The iPhone will hold 15.6% of the worldwide smartphone market in 2022.
The first mobile device to use multi-touch technology was the iPhone.
Larger screen sizes, video recording, waterproofing, and several accessibility features have been added to the iPhone since its release. Before the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, the Touch ID fingerprint sensor was located on a single button on the front panel. Since the release of the iPhone X, all subsequent iPhone models have a nearly bezel-less front screen with Face ID facial identification and gesture-activated app switching. For the less expensive iPhone SE series, Touch ID is still in use.
Along with Android, the iPhone is one of the two most popular smartphone systems in the world and dominates the premium sector. Apple is now one of the most valuable publicly traded corporations in the world because to the iPhone’s significant financial success. For the mobile phone business, the first-generation iPhone was hailed as a “revolution,” and later iterations have also received high marks. It has been said that the iPhone popularised the smartphone and slate form factors as well as the “app economy,” or the sizable market for mobile apps. More than 2.2 million iPhone apps were available in the Apple App Store as of January 2017.
On June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, Apple unveiled the iPhone 4, which featured a revamped body with a stainless steel frame and a glass back.
The iPhone 4 is the first iPhone to employ an Apple-designed processor, the Apple A4, and was touted as the “thinnest smartphone in the world” when it was initially released. It debuted the Retina display, the highest-resolution smartphone screen at the time of release, and also featured a front-facing camera for FaceTime video calling. The Retina display had four times the display resolution of earlier iPhone models. An issue known as “antennagate” occurred when iPhone 4 users experienced dropped or disconnected phone conversations when holding their devices in a specific manner.
Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4 in January 2011, just as Apple’s exclusivity deal with AT&T was about to expire. A model compatible with Verizon’s CDMA network would launch on February 10.
On October 4, 2011, Apple unveiled the iPhone 4S, which featured a dual-core A5 processor, an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p video recording capabilities, and the virtual assistant Siri. The iPhone 5, which replaced all prior iPhone models’ 3.5-inch screens with a larger 4-inch screen, as well as speedier 4G LTE connectivity, was unveiled on September 12, 2012. It also had an aluminium alloy body that was both lighter and slimmer, and the 30-pin dock connector from earlier iPhone models was swapped out for the new, reversible Lightning connector.
On September 10, 2013, the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were introduced. The iPhone 5S included the Touch ID fingerprint authentication sensor and the 64-bit A7 CPU, making it the first 64-bit smartphone. The iPhone 5C was a less expensive gadget that combined iPhone 5 electronics inside a number of vibrant plastic frames.
On September 9, 2014, Apple unveiled the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, which had screens that were significantly bigger than those of the iPhone 5S at 4.7 inches and 5.5 inches, respectively. Both models also featured Apple Pay, which enabled mobile payments.
The 6 Plus’ camera now has optical picture stabilisation. The Apple Watch, a wristwatch that works with an attached iPhone, was also unveiled on the same day as the iPhone. With the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, particularly the latter model, some users reported bending problems from everyday use. This problem was known as “bendgate.”
On September 9, 2015, Apple unveiled the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus, which featured a frame built of a more durable aluminium alloy, a higher resolution 12-megapixel main camera, and the ability to shoot 4K video. On March 21, 2016, Apple unveiled the first-generation iPhone SE, a low-cost phone that used the older iPhone 5S’s body to house newer hardware from the iPhone 6S.
On September 7, 2016, Apple unveiled the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus, which included bigger camera sensors, IP67-certified water and dust protection, and a quad-core A10 Fusionprocessor.
MINIMAL technology
The 3.5mm headphone port was eliminated, and the AirPods wireless earphones were then made available. To the camera of the 7, optical picture stabilisation was introduced. The 7 Plus now has a second telephoto lens, allowing for a two-times optical magnification and a “Portrait” mode that simulates bokeh in photographs.
On September 12, 2017, Apple conducted its inaugural event at the Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park, where the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X were unveiled. All variants included a hexa-core A11 Bionic CPU with “Neural Engine” AI accelerator circuitry, wireless charging, and rear glass panel designs resembling the iPhone 4. In addition, the iPhone X debuted a sturdier stainless steel frame and a 5.8-inch “bezel-less” OLED “Super Retina” display with a greater pixel density and contrast ratio than earlier iPhones with LCD displays. In addition, Face ID facial recognition identification hardware was introduced in favour of Touch ID, with a “notch” screen cutout, and the home button was eliminated to make room for more screen real estate and replaced with a gesture-based navigation system. The iPhone X was the most expensive iPhone at launch with a starting price of US$999.
On September 12, 2018, the iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and iPhone XS Max were unveiled. All models came equipped with a “Neural Engine” that was substantially more potent and the “Smart HDR” computational photography system. The 6.5-inch screen of the XS Max is larger. The iPhone XR was made available in a variety of vibrant colours, similar to the iPhone 5C, and was less expensive than the iPhone X and XS. It featured a 6.1-inch LCD “Liquid Retina” display and a “bezel-less” design similar to the iPhone X, but it does not have a second telephoto lens.
On September 10, 2019, Apple unveiled the iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro, and iPhone 11 Pro Max. While the iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max succeeded the iPhone XS and XS Max, the iPhone 11 was the follow-up to the iPhone XR. With the addition of an ultra-wide lens and larger batteries, all models now have a two-times optical zoom out. On April 17, 2020, the second-generation iPhone SE was unveiled. It was a low-priced device that used newer hardware from the iPhone 11 in the body of the previous iPhone 8 while keeping the home button and Touch ID sensor. On October 13, 2020, a livestream event was used to introduce the iPhone 12, 12 Mini, 12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max. All models included OLED “Super Retina XDR” displays, faster 5G connectivity, and the MagSafe magnetic charging and accessory system. Additionally, a slimmer flat-edged design was added, which, when combined with the front glass’s stronger glass-ceramic coating, improved drop protection compared to earlier iPhone models. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max both have larger screens than the iPhone 12 Mini, measuring 6.1 inches and 6.7 inches, respectively. For improved accuracy in augmented reality (AR) applications, the iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max also added a Lidar sensor.
On September 14, 2021, Apple introduced the iPhone 13, 13 Mini, 13 Pro, and 13 Pro Max. All models had bigger camera sensors, longer-lasting batteries, and a “notch” screen cutout with a smaller width. The iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max also included a telephoto lens with a three-times optical zoom and a smoother adaptive 120 Hz refresh rate “ProMotion” technology. On March 8, 2022, the affordable third-generation iPhone SE was unveiled. It used the A15 Bionic chip from the iPhone 13, but otherwise had hardware that was similar to that of the second-generation iPhone SE.
On September 7, 2022, the iPhone 14, 14 Plus, 14 Pro, and 14 Pro Max were unveiled. Satellite phone emergency calling was made available on all models. The iPhone 14 Plus was the first lower-priced cellphone to include the huge 6.7-inch screen size that was initially seen on the iPhone 12 Pro Max. The 48-megapixel main camera on the iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max also marked the first increase in megapixel count since the iPhone 6S. Additionally, the devices added always-on display technology to the lock screen and an interactive status bar interface built into a newly designed screen cutout called “Dynamic Island.”
Tracking prevention
In April of 2021, with iOS 14.5, Apple introduced a new feature called App Tracking Transparency (ATT). In order to monitor a user across several apps and websites, ATT needs apps to first obtain the user’s authorization. If the user doesn’t give permission, the app won’t be able to use Apple’s Identifier for Advertisers (IDFA) to display targeted adverts. ATT does not block in-app advertisements that are tailored to the individual user. It has been criticised as anti-competitive by several, including Facebook, whose stock price dropped by 26% when the function was released. Apple’s anti-tracking safeguards exclude the company’s own apps, prompting anti-trust probes in France and Germany.
SAMSUNG:
On the other hand, the Samsung Group is a South Korean global company with its headquarters in Samsung town, Seoul. The Samsung Group is the largest trade firm in South Korea, and its conglomerate includes several subsidiaries that are all unified under the Samsung name (chaebol).
Through the first three months of 2012, Samsung Electronics surpassed Nokia as the largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world in terms of unit sales. Nokia had held this position since 1998.
On August 24, 2012, a jury in the United States awarded Apple $1.05 billion in damages after finding that Samsung Electronics had infringed upon six of Apple’s patents relating to smartphone technology. Apple had asked for $2.5 billion, but the award was still short of that. Apple was found not guilty of infringing on five of Samsung’s patents that had been at the centre of the case. According to Samsung, this decision could stunt industry innovation. This was in response to a judgement from South Korea finding that both corporations had infringed upon each other’s intellectual property. Samsung’s stock dropped 7.7 percent on the KOSPIfell to 1,177,000 Korean won in the first trading session following the judgement, the greatest drop since 24 October 2008. The court later ruled against Apple’s request to prohibit the sale of eight Samsung smartphones in the United States (the Galaxy S 4G, Galaxy S2 AT&T, Galaxy S2 Skyrocket, Galaxy S2 T&T, Galaxy S2 Epic 4G, Galaxy S Showcase, Droid Charge, and Galaxy Prevail). As of 2013, the Fair Trade Commission of Taiwanis investigating Samsung and its local Taiwanese advertising firm for alleged deceptive promotion. Samsung Electronics’ competitors have been the target of internet attacks after the commission received accusations that an agency had hired students to do so. Samsung Taiwan announced on its Facebook page that it had not tampered with any evaluation report and had ceased online marketing campaigns that consisted of posting or replying to comments in online forums.
Samsung received more patents from the United States this year than any other corporation, including IBM, Google, Sony, Microsoft, and Apple. As of December 11th, the firm had been awarded 7,679 utility patents.
On August 19, 2016, Samsung released the Galaxy Note 7 as its newest high-end smartphone.
However, Samsung halted sales and announced a voluntary recall of the device in early September 2016. This happened because faulty batteries in some of the phones caused them to overheat, which in turn caused fires and explosions. Samsung replaced the recalled phones with a new model, but it was later found that the updated Galaxy Note 7 also suffered from the faulty battery. On October 10, 2016, Samsung issued a worldwide recall of all Galaxy Note 7 smartphones and the next day, manufacture of the device was permanently halted.
Samsung[who?] opened the largest mobile manufacturing facility in the world in Noida, India in 2018, and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was among the honoured guests.
OPPO Mobile:
Guangdong OPPO is a brand name of the Chinese company Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd, which is headquartered in Dongguan, Guangdong. Smartphones, smart devices, audio devices, portable battery packs, and other electronic goods are among the company’s primary offerings.
Oppo is a Chinese smartphone brand that debuted in 2004 after being officially registered in 2001. Since then, the firm has opened offices in 50 different nations.
As of June 2016, OPPO has more than 200,000 retail outlets selling its smartphones, making it the largest smartphone manufacturer in China.
For 2019, OPPO was the most popular smartphone brand in China, and it was No. 5 in the globe in terms of market share.
According to the World Intellectual Property Organization’s annual evaluation of the World Intellectual Property Indicators report in 2021, with 1,801 patent applications published under the PCT System in 2020, Oppo placed eighth in the world. With 1,927 less applications this year, they have dropped to this place from #5.
OPPO and Hasselblad established a three-year agreement in February 2022 with the goal of creating innovative photography technology for the Find X line of OPPO smartphones. For the first time ever on an Oppo device, the Oppo Find X5’s triple camera setup employs Hasselblad technology.
Huawei:
Huawei Technologies is a Chinese multinational technology corporation headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, that designs, develops, manufactures and sells telecommunications equipment, consumer electronics, smart devices and various rooftop solar power products
Huawei classifies itself as a “collective” entity and prior to 2019 did not refer to itself as a private company. Richard McGregor, author of The Party: The Secret World of China’s Communist Rulers, said that this is “a definitional distinction that has been essential to the company’s receipt of state support at crucial points in its development”. McGregor argued that “Huawei’s status as a genuine collective is doubtful.” Huawei’s position has shifted in 2019 when, Dr. Song Liuping, Huawei’s chief legal officer, commented on the US government ban, said: “Politicians in the US are using the strength of an entire nation to come after a private company.” (emphasis added.
Huawei Global Services provides telecommunications operators with equipment to build and operate networks as well as consulting and engineering services to improve operational efficiencies. These include network integration services such as those for mobile and fixed networks; assurance services such as network safety; and learning services, such as competency
Consulting Huawei is the second-biggest smartphone maker in the world, after Samsung, as of the first quarter of 2019. Their current portfolio of phones has two high-end smartphone lines, the Huawei Mate seriesand Huawei P series. Under the company’s current hardware release cadence, P series phones are typically directed towards mainstream consumers as the company’s flagship smartphones, refining and expanding upon technologies introduced in Mate series devices (which are typically positioned towards early adopters).
Cheaper handsets fall under its Honor brand. Honor was created in order to elevate Huawei-branded phones as premium offerings. In 2020, Huawei agreed to sell the Honor brand to a state-owned enterprise of the Shenzhen municipal government. Consequently, Honor was cut off from access to Huawei’s IPs, which consists of more than 100,000 active patents by the end of 2020, and additionally cannot tap into Huawei’s large R&D resources where $20 billion had been committed for 2021. However Wired magazine noted in 2021 that Honor devices still had not differentiated their software much from Huawei phones and that core apps and certain engineering features, like the Honor-engineered camera features looked “virtually identical’ across both phones
